High energy PIXE: A tool to characterize multi-layer thick samples

PIXE and XRF analysis of honey samples

The systematic determination of trace-element concentrations in honey samples was done by the PIXE method using a 2 MeV proton beam and by the total reflection XRF method. The different kinds of honey samples were collected in the period of spring–summer in three places of Poland: in the centre of Warsaw (a highly polluted region) and about 100 km east of Warsaw and 70 km southwest of Warsaw (a...

The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples

LibCPIXE: a PIXE simulation open-source library for multilayered samples

Most Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) data analysis codes are not focused on handling multilayered samples. We have developed an open-source library called ”LibCPIXE”, for PIXE data analysis. It is written in standard C and implements functions for simulating X-ray yields of PIXE spectra taken from arbitrary samples, including multilayered targets. The library is designed to be fast, port...

Multi-Layer Free Energy Perturbation

Free energy perturbation (FEP) is frequently used to evaluate the free energy change of a biological process, e.g. the drug binding free energy or the ligand solvation free energy. Due to the sampling inefficiency, FEP is often employed together with computationally expensive enhanced sampling methods. Here we show that this sampling inefficiency, which stems from not accounting for the environ...

mac-layer acknowledgment as a tool to detect routing misbehavior

the establishment as well as the survival of mobile ad-hoc networks relies on the cooperation of nodes for performing network operations such as routing and packet forwarding. in these networks, misbehaving nodes can severely degrade network’s performance by not cooperating in networking operations. in this paper, we study the issue of node misbehavior in packet forwarding. to counter this type...